Mu myaka yashize, nkubwoko bushya bwibicuruzwa,imisumari ihuriwehobyabonye isoko byihuse no kumenyekana kubakiriya bitewe no kuzigama umurimo, byoroshye, gukora neza kandi bifite umutekano, kandi byagaragaje iterambere ryihuse. Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo kwagura bolt uburyo bwo gufunga, bufite ibyiza bibiri byingenzi.
Mbere ya byose, umusumari uhuriweho ufite amashanyarazi kandi ntukeneye guhuzwa n'amashanyarazi cyangwa gaze. Nibyoroshye kandi byoroshye kandi birashobora kurangiza imirimo yo gufunga hamwe gusaimbunda y'imisumarihamwe no kwihuta.
Icya kabiri, ntabwo bikenewe gucukura ubutumburuke bwo hejuru, kubaka biroroshye kandi byihuse, imbaraga zumurimo ziri hasi, imikorere yubwubatsi iratera imbere kuburyo bugaragara (inshuro zirenga 20), kandi amafaranga yo kubaka aragabanuka cyane.
Kugeza ubu, imisumari ihuriweho ku isoko irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije ibiyigize: imisumari ya binary iturika, imisumari ya nitrocellulose, na“ibintu byinshi-biturika”imisumari ihuriweho. None, ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko butatu bwimisumari ihuriweho, kandi twahitamo dute?
Ibigize
1.1ibisasu bibiri-biturika bigizwe na nitrocellulose (NC, izwi kandi nka nitrocellulose) na nitroglycerine (NG), ahanini muburyo bwa granular. Granularibisasu bibiri-biturika bigomba gukorwa muri nitrocellulose yujuje ibisabwa na GJB 3204A-2020 na nitroglycerine yujuje ibisabwa na GJB 2012-1994 nkibikoresho fatizo nyamukuru, kandi ntibigomba kuba birimo detonator, ifu yicyuma, catisale yaka, ibisasu bikomeye hamwe na okiside yabujijwe. Byemejwe na leta. Ifite ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi, hygroscopicity nkeya, guhagarara neza kumubiri, hamwe nibikorwa bya ballistique bihamye.
1.2 Nitrocellulose (izwi kandi ko iturika rimwe gusa) igizwe na nitrocellulose gusa kandi ahanini ni silindrike. Ibisasu bya silindrike imwe-shingiro bigomba gukorwa muri nitrocellulose yujuje ibisabwa na GJB 3204A-2020 nkibikoresho nyamukuru, hamwe na azote itarenze 12,60%. Ntibagomba kubamo ibyuma biturika, ifu yicyuma, catiseri yaka, ibisasu biturika cyangwa okiside hamwe ningufu zibujijwe na leta. Ugereranije biroroshye.
1.3“ibintu byinshi biturika”mubyukuri ongeraho ingufu zongerera ingufu, okiside ikomeye, hamwe na nitrate hydrazine nitrate (okiside ibujijwe na leta) nibindi bintu kuri poro imwe-imwe kugirango bongere imikorere yibicuruzwa kandi bigere ku ngaruka zaibisasu bibiri-biturika. . Impamvu yibanze nuko azote irimo nitrocellulose ikoreshwa iri munsi ya 12,60%. Cyane cyane iyo ivanze na detonator hamwe nimbunda imwe yimbunda, umutekano numutekano wa i“ibintu byinshi biturika”ni abakene cyane. Impanuka nyinshi z'umutekano zabaye mu gihugu hose mu myaka itatu ishize ni amasomo ababaza. Ongeraho okiside yabujijwe irashobora kuba icyaha cyangwa icyaha. Kubwibyo, ugereranije nubwoko butatu buturika,ibisasu bibiri-biturika zirarenze kandi zifite umutekano n’umutekano mwinshi.
Kugaragara
2.1 Isura yibintu bibiri biturika hamwe imisumari yijimye gato.
2.2 Imisumari ihuriweho na nitrocellulose na “ibintu byinshi biturika ”ufite isura isukuye kandi nta mwanda, ufite amabara atukura n'umweru.
2.3 Igisasu cya binary iturika ikomatanya imisumari iri muburyo bwa granules.
2.4 Nitrocellulose kandi bita“ibintu byinshi biturika”imisumari ihuriweho ahanini ni silindrike.
Imikorere
Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bubiri, igiciro cyo gukora imisumari ya binary iturika ni hejuru cyane, ariko umutekano wacyo nibikorwa byayo biragaragara cyane, bigaragarira mubice bine bikurikira.
3.1 Ifite imbaraga nyinshi, guhuzagurika neza, imikorere ihamye hamwe nibisabwa mugari. Irashobora guhura nibidukikije bitandukanye, cyane cyane imbaraga-zo hejuru, bigatuma ihitamo neza.
3.2 Umutekano muke, detonator iherereye munsi yigikonoshwa kandi bisaba uburyo bwihariye bwo guturika. Ariko, ibyariho byitwa“ibintu byinshi biturika”ongeramo ibice biturika mubisasu, bisaba umusaruro mwinshi, gutwara, kubika no gukoresha. Gusohora cyangwa ingaruka iyo ari yo yose birashobora gutera impanuka zikomeye z'umutekano kandi bikaba byangiza umutekano muke.
3.3 Igicuruzwa gifite ituze ryiza.ibisasu bibiri-biturika zifite ubukana bwinshi cyane, ntukure amazi mu kirere, kandi hafi ya yose ntuzigera ufata umuriro. Ibyo bita“ibintu byinshi biturika”ni hygroscopique cyane kandi ntishobora guturika, itera umuriro. Bitewe na exothermic reaction ibaho mugihe ubushuhe bwakiriwe, harikibazo cyo gutwikwa bidatinze mubihe bimwe byubushyuhe.
3.4ibisasu bibiri-biturika bafite urugwiro cyane cyane ku mbunda z'imisumari, ntukore, kandi ntutoranya ibikoresho, mugihe byitwa“ibintu byinshi biturika”korora cyane imbunda yimisumari kandi itume ibikoresho bidakoreshwa, bityo bigira ingaruka kumyubakire no kongera ibiciro. Ibyago byica cyane ni ukubora imisumari hamwe no kumanika ibyuma. Urufunguzo rwibikorwa byose byubaka ni igihe kirekire nigihe cyimisumari hamwe nicyuma. Kubera ruswa, biroroshye gusenyuka cyangwa kugwa, bigatera igihombo cyumutungo cyangwa nubuzima, ibyo bikaba bihwanye nicyaha!
Umwanzuro
Mu mateka yose y’iterambere ry’imbunda n’amasasu ku isi, uburyo bwo kurasa bwa primer + buturika buracyari uburyo bwa gakondo bw’abantu. Ubundi buryo, nko guhuza ibisasu biturika, ntibifite ubumenyi nubumenyi ngiro. Bitewe n'ibiranga,ibisasu bibiri-biturika byagaragaye imyaka amagana kandi biracyasimburwa mubijyanye numutekano, ituze no kwizerwa.
Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibice bibiri-biturikabyahujwe imisumari rwose ni amahitamo yawe meza kandi meza!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2024
